Researchers derive hindbrain motor neurons from human stem cells

Researchers studying mouse embryos and human stem cells identified separate progenitor-cell lineages for the forebrain and midbrain on one side and the hindbrain on the other. The lineages appear during gastrulation and are marked by different genes-Otx2 for the forebrain and midbrain, and Gbx2 for the hindbrain-with distinct arrangements controlling which genes can be activated. Using that developmental model, the team produced human hindbrain motor neurons in the laboratory. The cells generated electrical signals and proteins associated with facial and swallowing muscles, creating a potential research model for disorders including spinal muscular atrophy and ALS. Therapeutic use has not been demonstrated.