# Iceberg Quantum publishes Pinnacle Architecture paper enabling RSA-2048 factoring with ~100k physical qubits via qLDPC codes

_Friday, June 26, 2026 at 9:58 PM EDT · science · Latest · Tier 2 — Notable_

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Researchers at Iceberg Quantum have published findings in an arXiv preprint on a new fault tolerant quantum computing architecture. The Pinnacle Architecture could factor a 2048 bit RSA integer using fewer than 100000 physical qubits according to the study.

The system relies on quantum low density parity check codes rather than surface codes. It features modular processing units, magic engines and memory blocks that reduce the overhead associated with error correction while enabling universal quantum computation.

The estimates assume hardware that makes errors roughly once in every thousand operations and can detect and correct them in millionths of a second. The researchers point out that the results are based on simulations and theoretical resource estimates rather than experimental demonstrations.

Earlier estimates for similar tasks placed the physical qubit requirement near or above one million. The architecture uses generalized bicycle codes and a variant of Shors algorithm with residue number system arithmetic to achieve the reported efficiency.

## Sources

- [The Quantum Insider](https://thequantuminsider.com/2026/02/13/new-architecture-could-cut-quantum-hardware-needed-to-break-rsa-2048-by-tenfold-study-finds/)

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