Actuated implant surface disrupts biofilms in laboratory and mouse tests

University of Michigan researchers demonstrated an implant surface that mechanically removes bacterial biofilms, with laboratory tests showing near-complete disruption of mature biofilms. In mice, the actuated surface reduced bacterial contamination and improved surrounding tissue outcomes compared with controls. The device combines nanoscale wrinkles with a soft actuator containing a metallic spring. Electrical current heats and contracts the spring, squeezing the surface to dislodge bacteria. The system maintained its shape through 200 actuation cycles, and researchers also demonstrated wireless actuation using a near-infrared laser. The mouse experiment lasted seven days and used devices implanted beneath the skin with Staphylococcus aureus bacteria; applications in human implants remain prospective.